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Geography of Nepal
Total area of Nepal on the planet: 0.1% of global
2% of the plants of the world 8% of the global population of birds (848 species listed) 4% of mammals on the planet 11 species of 15 families of butterflies (over 500 species of butterflies) 600 families of plants. 319 species of orchids
Nepal is a country with the bio-diversity the largest in the world. This is partly due to its mountainous geography and raising its territory.
Geography of Nepal is unusually diverse and is sandwiched between the two big Asian countries China and India. It is in trapezoidal shape running 800 kilometers long and 200 kilometres wide, with an area of 147,181 km2 and the total landmass being 140,800 sq km.
Nepal is fragmented into three physiographic areas as Hill, Siwalik region and Terai Regions. These regions run east to west and are vertically intersected by Nepal's major rivers flowing from north to south.
Terai regions run bordering India and are part of the northern edge of the Indo-Gangetic plains. Three major Himalayan Rivers, Kosi, the Narayani and Karnali flow and have smaller rivers too. A climate of subtropical to tropical climate prevails in these regions.Population density is strong in valleys but visibly less above 2,000 metres and very weak above 2,500 metres where snow falling is occasionally found during winter. As per census during July 2005 the population measures up to27,676,547. This region is perfect for agriculture with the smooth lands ranging between 100 m and 300 m above the sea level.
The Sub-tropical forest areas have large quantity of wildlife including rare species like Royal Bengal Tiger, Gharial crocodile and One-horned Rhino.
The Mountain Region forms the northern part of Nepal and is situated in the Great Himalayan Range. Kathmandu the capital of Nepal is located here. It has the world’s famous and the highest peak, Mt. Everest, about 8,848 metres (29,029 ft) high and is called Sagarmatha in Nepali language.There are seven more peaks ranging around 8000 metres in Nepal bordering China called Lhotse, Makalu, Cho Oyu, Kanchenjunga, Dhaulagiri, Annapurna and Manaslu.Vegetation in this area is inadequate and spreads within 4 500 m.
Nepal has five climatic zones in accordance with the altitudes namely tropical, subtropical, arctic, subarctic and cold zone. Kanchan Kalan 70 m is at the lowest level in altitude and Mount Everest (8,850m) is the highest.
It has five seasons altogether, summer, monsoon, autumn, winter and spring. Nepal used to have thick forests earlier and deforestation has become a major issue that has consequences like erosion and a low eco-system.
Nepal is popular for mountaineering. Many target the highest peak Everest through mountains at the southeast side of Nepal, as climbing is easy. Nepal has 8 highest mountains among the world top 10 and known for its postcard beauty.
Nepal has 75 districts under 14 zones,divided into 5 development regions. The Chief district officer is responsible for maintaining law and order in each district and co-ordinates with the governing parties.
The 5 regions with 14 zones namely - Eastern Region has Koshi, Mechi and Sagarmatha. Central Region has Bagmati, Janakpur and Narayani Western Region Dhawalagiri, Gandaki and Lumbini Mid-Western Region has Bheri, Karnali and Rapti Far-Western Region Mahakali and Seti
Nepal’s natural resources are quartz, timber, water, hydropower, beautiful mountains, deposits of lignite, copper & cobalt, and iron ore. These resouces is the gift of God for the people of Nepal.
Nepal experiences certain natural hazards like severe thunderstorms, floods, landslides and famine depending on the summer monsoons. |
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